The Decameron Was A Collection Of Bawdy And Serious Tales...

Professor Mark Bocija, History 1111 Rezvan Ngalla November 16, 2015 The Decameron- Black Death. The Decameron was a collection of bawdy and serious tales written by Boccaccio. Boccaccio was most likely born in Florence or Certaldo and was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Bocacino di Chellino. As a youth he was trained to follow in his father s business but he eventually chose instead to study canon law and subsequently pursued the arts. It is a combination of Greek words for ten and day. According to Frankforter, the Decameron is a fictive record of a hundred stories that ten Florentine men and women told to entertain themselves while they hid from the plague in the comfort of a luxurious house (Frankforter, pg. 348). The one hundred allegorical stories are shared through the narrative voices of these young people as they spend their nights regaling the company with tales from the erotic, sensual, and bawdy to the intellectual, philosophical or tragic. The narrative s fundamental theme is of struggle between life and death in the face of the Black Plague and the various ways life continues in spite of traditional moral attitudes and beliefs. While primarily a work of fiction, the Introduction to The Decameron has emerged as an important historical record of the physical, psychological, and social effects of the aggressive spread of the previously unknown Yersina pestis bacteria. It provides a significant philosophical insight into the medieval psycheShow MoreRelatedThe Decameron Was A Collection Of Bawdy And Serious Tales Written By Boccaccio1006 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Decameron- Black Death. The Decameron was a collection of bawdy and serious tales written by Boccaccio. Boccaccio was most likely born in Florence or Certaldo and was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Bocacino di Chellino. As a youth he was trained to follow in his father s business but he eventually chose instead to study canon law and subsequently pursued the arts. It is a combination of Greek words for ten and day. According to Frankforter, the Decameron is a fictive

Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports - 1078 Words

Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one of the sports in which doping is most endemic to its subculture, however a number of professional sports have been embroiled in drug scandals. Because of the many revelations about the number of baseball players who used steroids to get their record-breaking statistics, the 1990s are often called the steroid era of baseball. The Olympic track and field star Marian Jones was stripped of her medals, after finally admitting to the use of performance-enhancing drugs (Lardon 2008). Despite the health risks, and despite the regulating bodies attempts to eliminate d rugs from sport, the use of illegal substances is widely known to be rife. It hardly raises an eyebrow now when some famous athlete fails a dope test (Savulescu, Foddy, Clayton 2004). The benefits of using some types of performance-enhancing drugs are obvious. Professional athletes have a very short shelf life as competitors in most sports and must cash in on their talents as soon as possible. For Olympic athletes, theShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1686 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because anRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edgeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or traine rs can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a changeRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 PagesResearch, period 3 December 15, 2013 Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Today Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, have long been in the lifestyle of athletes. Many famous athletes like Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong have all confessed to the use of steroids. Celebrities like actor Charlie Sheen and ex Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, have also admitted to using steroids in the past. Performance enhancing drugs are a dangerous form of medicine

Bromobutane free essay sample

Majority of the time, to prepare alkyl halides is via the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols. SN2 reaction is the type of reaction used in this lab experiment. Our objective was to see how a primary alkyl halide reacted with an alcohol. We did a conversion of n-butanol to 1-bromobutane. Br- ions is the nucleophile for this reaction which is generated from an aqueous solution of NaBr. The catalyst that converted the OH functional group of butanol to a better leaving group (H2O) was the Sulfuric Acid. [pic] Results. Theoretical Yield C4H9OH +  NaBr  -gt; C4H9Br + NaOH From 1-Butanol 20mL (butanol) x 0. 810g (butanol) x 1mole (butanol) x 1mole(bromobutane) x 137. 03g(bromobutane) = 29. 95 g of 1bromobutane 1. 00 mL(butanol) 74. 12g(butanol) 1mole(butanol)1mole (bromobutane) From NaBr 27g (NaBr) x 1mole (NaBr) x 1mole (bromobutane) x 137. 03g(bromobutane) = 35. 95 g of 1bromobutane 102. 91g (NaBr) 1 mole (NaBr) 1mole (bromobutane) % Yield = 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Bromobutane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 74g / 29. 95 g = 15. 8% Volume ( 3. 8mL Mass ( 4. 74g 4. 74 / 3. 8 = 1. 246 g/mL After proceed with our four major operations that were refluxing, simple distillation, separation and drying, we could do our corresponding calculations. Refluxing was used to keep a reaction at a constant temperature. Simple distillation was used to help remove and purify a particular substance in that case was 1-bromobutane, from other components in the reaction flask. Separation was carried out because there was a high probability of other components in the distillate. And finally we used CaCl2 as a very good drying agent for a variety of solvents. So for instance, -butanol is the limiting reagent, theoretically 29. 95g of 1-bromobutane. Our percent yield was 15. 8% as showed in the calculations. Our volume was 1. 247 g/mL. And as finally our boliling point was 99C. Questions. †¢ Show the mechanism for the reaction perfomed in the laboratory [pic] †¢ The last step of the mechanism is an example of SN2 reaction. Why is it an SN2 reaction? Because the acid in the reaction protonated the alcoholic oxygen and the positive charge draws electrons away fro the C allowing the negative Bromide Ion to displace (SN2) the protonated oxygen as H2O. So for instance the reaction rate does depend on both the bromide ion and alcoholonium ion the reaction will be second order. †¢ Show by a mechanism how some 2-bromobutane could form as a by-product form this reaction The protonated alcohol can undergo elimination to form 1-butene which can then react with HBR to add by Markownikoff’s rule to the double bond to form 2-bromobutane [pic] †¢ Answer the question in footnote 3 below. The primary purpose of the sulfuric acid wash is to remove any unreacted 1-butanol. The acid protonates the OH group of the alcohol, converting it into its conjugate acid and increasing its solubility in the aqueous acid wash solution significantly. Why ? Butanol is protonated so then for sure it is more soluble in H2O and also is ionic. †¢ T-butyl bromide (2-bromo-2-methylpropane) can be prepared by simply taking t-butyl alcohol and shaking it with an aq solution HBr at room temperature. The reaction is much faster than with n-butyl alcohol and is essentially 100% complete within a few minutes. Give a mechanism for this reaction. What is this type of reaction called. (CH3)C-OH + HBr ===gt; (CH3)3C-OH2(+) + Br- CH3)3C-OH2(+) ===gt; (CH3)3C(+) + H2O (CH3)3C(+) + Br- ===gt; (CH3)3C-Br It is called the SN1 reaction. The great stability of the (CH3)C(+) ion accelerates the reaction. †¢ Remembering that SN2 reactions go with 100% inversion of configuration, while SN1 reactions lead to racemization, explain why the reaction of  ®-2butanol as in this experiment gives a mixture of about 75% (S)-2-bromobutane and about 25%  ®-2-bromobutane Ionizaton of optically pure alkyl halide/alcohols molecule leads to the planar, achiral or symmetrical carbocation with an empty p-orbital perpendicular to the plane. Addition of the nucleophile can take place at both sides of the carbocation with equal ease owing to the symmetry of carbocation, resulting in mixture, equal amounts of R and S. But in actual practice, depending on the nature of substrate, solvent and leaving group, there may be a preferred side for its attack by nucleophile, in resulting of a product that automatically will contain different amounts of the two enantiomers, for then to yield optically active product.

Quality and Value of Food

Table of Contents Introduction Food procurement Food storage Food preparation and service Conclusion Reference List Introduction Quality and value of food is an important factor in retention of loyal and creation of customers in a restaurant especially when targeting tourists. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality and Value of Food specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tourists sample food in order to gain the real sense of the place they visit; therefore, this has called for development of local and foreign foods in most restaurants as the competitive factor in the business. Food quality has positive association with value of money a customer is willing to spend on food. Quality of food has positive effects on retention and creation of customers. Food of poor quality keeps off the customers and even the new customers do not return if they encounter poor quality on their first visit. On the other hand, custome rs remain loyal to a specific restaurant if they experience food of good quality and value for the first time. Restaurant business is a very competitive industry and to be above our competitors, we have to look at the quality and value of food we are preparing and serving to the customers. Tourist customers look for aspects such as available varieties of food, quality, and value for money for their satisfaction (Clark Wood 1998). This paper will look comprehensively at the value and good quality of food in creation and retention of customers in a restaurant. Food procurement There are many people such as producers, suppliers, storage personnel, preparation and service staff involved directly and indirectly in determining the quality and value of food. Producers being the farmers are involved in producing food. Preparation of food of good quality means use of ingredients of good quality thus food production by farmers affects directly the quality and value of food. Customers have to get the value for money they are spending on producing food and this is only achieved if the farming materials used are of high quality. Farmers have to be in touch with requirements and changing tastes at restaurants. For instance, the quality of locally produced meat, vegetables and organic food has been creating extra value as this is desired by tourists and local customers. Suppliers also affect the quality and value of food offered at a restaurant (Crotts Raschid 2008). Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means they should supply food on time when still fresh as some foods like vegetables are perishable and lose value with time. Thus this calls for the manager to be careful when choosing his suppliers. This ensures availability of quality ingredients whenever needed to avoid losing customers. Food storage According to Crotts Raschid (2008), food has to be stored pr operly and safely to ensure it does not lose quality and meets health standards. This calls for the manager to ensure that the restaurant has good storage facilities. Cold rooms for vegetables should always be well maintained and good hygiene observed when handling food thus the manager should ensure he has employed a qualified and experienced store keeper with knowledge of food handling techniques as this affects directly the quality of food prepared and served to customers. Food preparation and service When it comes to food preparation it affects directly the quality and value of food served to the customers. The manager should ensure that he has recruited the right staff with the knowledge and experience in production and preparation of different food items in the menu. This means there should be specialization of roles in the kitchen where by every cook prepares and produces what he/she is good at. Also, there should be use of specialized tools and equipment during food prepar ation (Crick Campbell, 2007). This saves on cost of production as there is minimized wastage of food. With good organization in the kitchen, production and preparation of quality food on time is achievable. This attracts and retains both local and tourist customers as they are satisfied with the quality of food and get value for money they are spending on food. The preparation area has to be well arranged to ensure minimized interruptions among the cooks which might cause delay in preparation of food. This ensures there is no mixed flavors’ among different food items thus food served is of the exact flavor as expected by the customer. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality and Value of Food specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Food should be classified depending on their cooking time to ensure they are well cooked and do not keep customers waiting for long. The manager should always ensure his staff is le arning continuously to keep in touch with new menu items in the market and changing methods of preparation. Different food items in the market must be prepared well to compete effectively with other restaurants. In all the preparation and production units the chef should always check and emphasize on maintenance of good hygiene which can never be neglected when it comes to preparation of quality food. The manager should employ qualified and experienced waiters for them to offer high standard services to the customers. They should be well trained on hospitality as are the ones who are in direct contact with the customers. They should cooperate with the team in the preparation section and inform them accurately on demand of different food items on the menu and the expressed desires by the customers to avoid losing customers to other restaurants. This calls for a very effective team work in the restaurant in order to satisfy the customers (Ekinci Massey 2008). Conclusion It has been shown clearly that the quality and value of food are important factors in retention of loyal and creation of new local and tourist customers in a restaurant and thus a manager should pay close attention to these factors in order to be the leading food provider in today’s competitive tourism industry. Reference List Clark, M. A., Wood, R. C. (1998). Consumer loyalty in the restaurant industry—A preliminary exploration of the issues. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 10 (4), 139-44. Crick, A., Campbell, A. (2007). McDonaldization, Mass customization and Customization: An analysis of Jamaica‘s all-inclusive hotel sector. Ideaz, 6, 22-41.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Crotts, J., Pan, B., Raschid, A.E. (2008). A survey method for identifying key drivers of guest delight. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(4), 462-470. Ekinci, Y., Dawes, P. L., Massey, G. R. (2008). An extended model of antecedents and consequences of consumer satisfaction for hospitality services. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1/2), 35-68. This essay on Quality and Value of Food was written and submitted by user Lilly Foreman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of Gobbledegook Essay Example

Definition of Gobbledegook Essay Example Definition of Gobbledegook Paper Definition of Gobbledegook Paper 10/2/2011 Gobbledygook Gobbledygook is defined as when someone uses an extended amount of words in order to stretch their sentences out. According to Stuart Chase the author of â€Å"Gobbledygook† was founded by the Federal Security Agency and was said to help â€Å"Break out of the verbal squirrel cage†. Examples of Gobbledygook can be found in such places as academic and legal talk. An example of Gobbledygook can be found in the legal world. Gobbledygook is defined by most lawyers as â€Å"squandering words, packaging a message with excess baggage and so introducing semantic â€Å"noise†. Basically, it is all the fancy lawyer jargon that they use in order to get their points across and sound professional. The gobble in the legal system is beginning to be banned due to its ineffectiveness. Another common place you can see gobbledygook is in academic talk. An example is when you are writing an essay you are basically using gobbledygook to extend its length. Most of the professors believe that gobbledygook is needed sometimes because it does help get certain points made and some of the bigger words will have a better definition than the smaller ones. In conclusion, instead of using gobbledygook phrases to extend our writings we should just focus on how clear it is first. The federal security agency gives us a list of examples that can help get rid of the gobble; one example is instead of using â€Å"is of the opinion† just use believes. The fsa believes we need to stop producing so much gobble because the clarity of our writing is never there.

Business and Management Research (Leadership topic) Coursework

Business and Management Research (Leadership topic) - Coursework Example According to several eminent authors around the world, leadership activity plays critical roles in initiating the actions of the organization, motivating the workforce, providing guidance to the team followers, building a proper working environment and also coordinating with the upper management in order to ensure smother work flow (Duke, 2009; Mackay, 2007; Harrell, 2008). This segment of the study will undertake a critical review of the article, â€Å"Combinative aspects of leadership style and the interaction between leadership behaviours† by Gian Casimir and Yong Ngee Keith Ng. This journal article was published in the year 2010 in Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 31 No. 6, and can be found in pages 501-517. The authors carried out this study for the principal purpose of testing an alternative standpoint of interaction, which is purely based on the technique or way leaders amalgamates various leadership behaviours (Casimir and Ng, 2009). The two principa l leadership behaviours considered by the authors are socio-emotional leadership and task oriented leadership. The subsequent section of the study will enumerate brief summary and review the findings of the paper. In addition, this paper will also critically review the study by Gian Casimir and Yong Ngee Keith Ng in the context of its weaknesses and strengths. Review and Summary of the Paper The study by Gian Casimir and Yong Ngee Keith Ng was about examining the interaction between socio-emotional leadership and task-oriented leadership. According to the authors, there were two major underlying principles for which the subject of study was opted. The first and most important reason was that these two leadership styles have always been the centre of attention when it came to test of interaction in the field of leadership literature. The second reason was that the authors identified that a number of day-to-day organizational leadership involve attitudes and behaviour that can be arti culated as task oriented behaviour or socio emotional behaviour (Luthans, Hodgetts and Rosenkrantz, 1988; Judge, Piccollo and Ilies 2004; Komaki, 1986). Lastly the topic of interaction is also considered to be significant (Blalock, 1965; Cronbach, 1987). In the meantime, it is also necessary to define the two leadership style being discussed here in the study. A proper definition will help in better understanding of the subject and will also help in reviewing and summarising the paper. Task oriented leadership is often deemed as multifaceted and encompass wide range of behavioural traits (Glass, 2010; B. Bass and R, Bass, 2009; Northouse, 2011). Some of the typical function of task oriented leadership is allocation of resources, assigning the particular job to the followers, emphasizing on the deadlines, to cross check whether the followers are actually following the rules and regulation and maintaining the decorum of the organization and pressurizing the followers to work hard towa rds the achievement of the goals (Delamater, 2006; Heinemann and Zeiss, 2002; Lussier and Achua, 2009). Therefore, from the perception of the authors, it is evident that one of the most vital features of a task oriented leader is pressurizing the followers to accomplish the task in timely manner by delegating the tasks as per the capabilities of the followers (Misumi, 1985). On the

The product Pepsi Cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The product Pepsi Cola - Essay Example The advertisement was a well thought of product promotion strategy. Management was preparing for a great start. It is fit and proper to discuss first on the short historical background of how Pepsi came to be – its founder and short origin, and how it got its name, up to the present time where it has survived through the times and has taken a new name and role in the beverage business. Pepsi Cola was first invented or introduced by Caleb Bradham in the late 1800s or early 1900s in his pharmacy. The term â€Å"Pepsi† comes from pepsin, an enzyme which aids digestion and was also a popular ingredient in early soft drinks, while the term Cola was based on the African kola nut or caffeine. Pepsi Cola then tasted pretty close to the already popular â€Å"Coca-Cola†, although Caleb’s drink, Pepsi Cola, didn’t contain either the kola nut or any caffeine. (Soda Museum) The term â€Å"Pepsi† is an indicator. One of Pepsi-Cola’s earliest known a dvertisement is found in Feb. 25th, 1903 New Bern Daily Journal, which says that â€Å"It aids digestion.† This is because of the pepsin content. Another newspaper ad produced in 1908 said: â€Å"Pepsi-Cola is an absolutely pure combination of pepsin – that’s what your stomach needs these days – acid phosphate and the juices of fresh fruits.† (Soda Museum) The promotional kick-off must be effective because at the start Caleb was selling 2,008 gallons of Pepsi-Cola syrup, and by 1904 he was selling 19,848 gallons a year, the same year he started bottling Pepsi Cola. A year later, he also began selling Pepsi-Cola Bottling franchises, and by 1910 he had 280 bottling franchises and covered at least 24 states. By 1907, he was selling over 100,000 gallons of syrup a year, and in 1915 Pepsi-Cola Corporation had assets of over $1,000,000. (History of Pepsi-Cola.) Judging by the flow of events in the early years of Pepsi, the product and the accompanying ad vertisement proved effective.