Thursday, August 27, 2020

Biography of Jorge Chavez

Jorge Chavez was believed to be the nation I was conceived in Peru and was the primary legend who attempted to bounce over the Alps. He smashed on his arrival so he didn't arrive at his objective, yet his mental fortitude and fearlessness was the vital factor in his profession achievement when he lived. Along these lines, in this article we will examine the exhibition in Wes' flight industry and clarify how he is entranced by the avionics business. Jorge Chavez was conceived in Paris, Jorge Chavez Dartnell was conceived in Paris, France on thirteenth June 1887. Cesar Chavez Cesar Chavez was conceived in an unassuming community close to Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927. Cesar was conceived in a to some degree poor family. Cesar experienced childhood in Arizona and lived with her folks at a little ranch house (United Farm Workers 1). - Over the years, people have demonstrated that they can have any kind of effect. Individuals committed to the reason are raised with respect, trustworthiness, and fearlessness. Cesar Chavez is such an individual. He speaks to individuals, rises above their own needs, and addresses the issues of individuals. Cesar Chavez says the best free structure has the most noteworthy control. He lives as indicated by this norm and battles opportunity with the most noteworthy poise and character. He frequently winds up on an inappropriate side of dynamic. A provocative new history on 'Cesar Chavez Crusade' (Bloomsbury), Miriam Pavel Reevaluated with a Grunge Chavez's Legacy For some years, the fundamental talk of Chavez's work has been profoundly commended for this reason, profoundly reflective It was a portrayal by author Jack E. Levi. Previous correspondent Pawell of the Los Angeles Times fixed a task that studded stars. Her past work, Alliance they had always wanted (2009) investigated co-ranch laborers by concentrating on their officeholder orders. In the wake of conversing with individuals who helped manufacture the coalition, Pavel basically read a large number of Chavez's activities. Jorge Chavez was believed to be the nation I was conceived in Peru and was the main saint who attempted to bounce over the Alps. He slammed on his arrival so he didn't arrive at his objective, yet his fearlessness and mental fortitude was the urgent factor in his profession achievement when he lived. Accordingly, in this article we will examine the exhibition in Wes' flying industry and clarify how he is captivated by the aeronautics business. - Obertura Republicana of Carlos Chavez is the political inspiration of the symphony. This work depends on Mexican Indian convention. This work incorporates course of action of customary military motorcade called Zacatecas, well known Sharon Waltz, Cape Verde Club and progressive work Laer derita. In the wake of listening a few times, I should state this is a boisterous, misrepresented, walking, Mexican style voice. For me it is no uncertainty that it is a nation relationship.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Bureaucracyr Organizational Free Essays

As per Max Weber, ‘Bureaucracy’ implies a halfway coordinated, deliberately sorted out and progressively organized staff gave to the ordinary, daily schedule and effective completing of huge scope regulatory errands as indicated by approaches directed by, rulers or executives remaining outside or more the organization. Such a staff, as Weber properly observed, will in general become rule-bound, practically particular, lifting indifference and esprit de corps. However, ‘bureaucracy’ has likewise implied something contrary to authoritative proficiency and powerful incorporated control: formality, gradualness of system, hesitance to take a choice, the pointless augmentation of individuals, rules and structures †an implication accomplished by singling out for consideration troublesome auxiliary highlights or propensities of bureaucratic structures. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bureaucracyr Organizational or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The term ‘bureaucracy’ has been remembered for, yet additionally diverged from, the more broad idea of organization. Some of the time this is finished by considering organization to be a formal and generic method of organization, now and then by considering organization to be that type of organization where directors (the administrators, the authorities) have become the genuine rulers, arrogating to themselves benefit, force and control. An Organizational structure characterizes how occupation assignments are officially isolated, gathered and composed. The principle components to consider while planning an authoritative structure are Work Specialization, departmentalization, levels of leadership, length of control, centralization and decentralization and formalization. The most widely recognized Organizational plans found being used are ? Straightforward or Flat structure ? The Bureaucracy ? The Matrix structure ? The Team Structure ? The Virtual Organization ? The Boundaryless Organization The paper talks about the significant favorable circumstances of all the above structures and all are contrasted and administration and the genuine commitment of administration is shown up toward the finish of conversation. At that point the job of administration in improving the proficiency of the association is clarified. The effect of a low level organization is then talked about and its job in proficiency is examined. At that point the effects of significant level organization are examined. At long last, the paper finishes up by expressing that a moderate degree of administration is useful for expanding the proficiency of the association. Points of interest and Disadvantages of different Organizational plans The straightforward structure is described by a low level of departmentalization, wide ranges of control, authority incorporated in a solitary individual, and little formalization. The quality of the straightforward structure lies in its effortlessness. It’s quick, adaptable and cheap to keep up and responsibility is clear. One significant shortcoming is that it is hard to keep up in something besides a little association. The dynamic turns out to be delayed as the association develops in size due to its low formalization and high centralization. An organization is portrayed by exceptionally routine working assignments accomplished through specialization, much formalized standards and guidelines, errands that are assembled into useful offices, brought together position, restricted ranges of control, and dynamic that follows the levels of leadership. The essential quality of administration lies in its capacity to perform normalized exercises in an exceptionally effective way. One of the significant shortcoming of this structure is that it causes departmental clashes and profoundly unyielding continually observing the standards. There is no space for alteration The Matrix structure is portrayed by double lines of power and consolidates item and useful departmentalization. IBM embraces a changed adaptation of the grid structure in its general activities. The quality of this structure lies in its capacity to encourage coordination and proficient distribution of masters. The significant disservice lies in the disarray it makes, its success to cultivate power battles, and the pressure it puts on people. The Team structure utilizes groups as the focal gadget to facilitate work exercises. Organizations like DaimlerChrysler, Saturn, Motorola and Xerox have utilized self-guided groups to improve profitability at the operational level. In littler organizations, the group structure can characterize the whole association. For example, Imedia, a 30 man promoting firm in New Jersey is totally sorted out around groups. This structure is profoundly unacceptable for enormous organizations. A Virtual association is a little center association that out sources significant business capacities. Ancle Hsu and David Ji run a virtual association. Their firm, California based Apex Digital, is one of the world’s biggest makers of DVD Players, yet the organization neither claims a production line nor utilizes an architect. They contract everything out to firms in China. This is reasonable for little and huge associations. The significant bit of leeway is the adaptability and the burden is absence of administrative control in key parts of business. The Boundaryless association is an association that tries to dispense with the levels of leadership, have boundless ranges of control, and supplant divisions with engaged groups. The conversation of different authoritative structures demonstrates the adaptability and versatile nature of different plans contrasted with Bureaucracy. This likewise uncovers much of the time, Bureaucracy is acceptable when the shortcomings of the plans are examined. Job of Bureaucracy in improving the effectiveness of the association The Primary quality of administration lies in assembling like strengths in useful divisions brings about financial matters of scale, least duplication of faculty and types of gear, and representatives who have the chance to talk â€Å" the equivalent language† among their friends. Further more, administration can get by pleasantly with less gifted †and consequently, less exorbitant center and lower level administrators. The inescapability of rules and guidelines substitutes for administrative tact. Normalized activity, combined with high formalization, permit dynamic to be brought together. There is little need along these lines, for inventive and experienced chiefs beneath the degree of senior administrators. This radically reduces expenses for the undertaking and improves the productivity level definitely by getting significant levels of economies of scale and spending less on workers. The organization is proficient just as long as representatives go up against issues that they have recently experienced and for which customized choice principles have just been built up. Effect of a low degree of organization A low degree of administration brings about immense absence of control. Representatives are at their will and dynamic turns into an exceptionally lumbering assignment. There will be a ton of extraordinary requests and the work routine will be path beneath the normal level. This impressively diminishes the proficiency of the association. In extremely uncommon cases, workers assume up liability and accomplish targets. Effect of an elevated level of administration A significant level of organization is profoundly hindering to the development of the association. This makes the representatives to create work frailty and they feel to be consistently observed. Elevated level of organization is described by giving requests and a rationale to follow. There will be a ton of undesirable works and valuable time will be spent in duplication of a similar work in different degrees of the association. This checks development and inventiveness prompting routine occupations and in the long run prompts worker weariness. There will be no kind of a worker contribution in this circumstance. Representatives work for extended periods of time however the yield will be path beneath the gauges and there will be no inspiration systems to help the representatives. This at last outcomes in representative turnover. Along these lines, an elevated level of administration is to be kept away from as it might stimulate the representatives against the administration of the organization. Shortcoming of Bureaucracy One of the significant shortcomings of an organization is represented in the accompanying discourse between four officials in a single organization: â€Å"Ya Know, nothing occurs in this spot until we produce something, â€Å"said the creation official. Wrong remarked the innovative work administrator, â€Å"Nothing occurs until we plan something†. â€Å"What would you say you are discussing? † asked the advertising official. â€Å"Nothing occurs here until we sell something†. At long last, the exasperated bookkeeping director reacted, â€Å"It doesn't make a difference what you produce, plan, or sell. Presently one comprehends what happens we count up the outcomes! † This discussion focuses at the way that specialization makes subunit clashes. Useful unit objectives can supersede the general objectives of association. The other significant shortcoming of an administration is something managing the individuals who work in these associations: over the top worry with adhering to the guidelines. At the point when cases emerge that don't correctly fit the principles, there is no space for change. End Administration is proficient to the association just when a moderate level exists. Both a low degree of organization and an elevated level of administration will bring about the wasteful activity of the undertaking without completely using the assets of the organization. A moderate degree of organization will guarantee that control components are set up and that workers are accomplishing their objectives. This additionally permits the limitation of forcing rules and methods to the representatives and causing weariness. At the point when an immersion point is reached, administration contributes extraordinarily to improving the proficiency of the association to an incredible level. Reference: †¢ Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behavior, Tenth Edition, Prentice Hall of India. Pg. 425-446, Pg. 523-535. †¢ Garry Dessler, Human Resource Management, Eastern Economy release. Pg 465-479. †¢ Randy L. Desimone,

Friday, August 21, 2020

Blog Archive Top Five Reasons to Work with an mbaMission Career Coach

Blog Archive Top Five Reasons to Work with an mbaMission Career Coach Are you wondering whether working with a career coach could benefit you and your job search? Check out our top five ways a career coach can help you: 5. You are unhappy in your job (or are getting ready to start business school), but you are uncertain about your career direction. Working together, we can uncover what motivates you in the workplace, craft a list of your essential career components, and draft your brand statement. 4. You have not updated your resume or your LinkedIn profile in more than six months (or you saw a job posting of interest and need to write a cover letter/submit an up-to-date resume), and you do not know where to begin. By sharing best practices, brainstorming experiences to highlight, and editing content, we can help you identify and present your brand to your target audience in a memorable and relevant way. 3. You are terrified of networking, but you know that finding advocates and getting referrals are important parts of your job search. Whether we are helping you to create your pitch, identify target companies and contacts, and draft introductory emails/sample networking questions to ask or are holding you accountable to your goals, we can offer support as you build and execute a networking action plan.   2. You are getting interviews but no offers! We will brainstorm potential questions you might receive during interviews, identify how to strategically address these questions, and help you practice delivering your answers. We also will ensure that during the interview, you are effectively expressing your ability to do the job, your interest in the job, and your fit with the company.     1. You are feeling frustrated with the lack of results in your current job search. By listening carefully and asking probing questions, our career coaches can offer thoughtful insights, personalized advice, and candid feedback on where you could be more effective in your job search. Then together, we can draft a job search plan that includes specific milestones. Of course, we can also help you with other aspects of career management, including the following: Managing the offer process (whether negotiating a job offer or declining one) Building and maintaining your network for the future Excelling in your current role and/or preparing for your next position within the firm Serving as a sounding board or a motivator Our career coaches are excited to partner with you. Together, we can create a structured plan to address any obstacles you are facing in your job search.   Schedule a complimentary 30-minute consultation so we can discuss your job search efforts to date and how we can support your needs! Have you been admitted to business school? If so, do you want to get a head start on defining your career goals? Do you need help preparing for job interviews or learning how to effectively network with your target employers? Or maybe you want to be a top performer in your current role but are unsure how to maximize your potential. Let an mbaMission Career Coach help via a free 30-minute consultation! Share ThisTweet Career Advice

Monday, May 25, 2020

Flawed Method At The Heart Of Scientific Communication

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles -A flawed method at the heart of scientific communication The publication of scientific work lies at the core of scientific communication [1]. Scientists communicate their new research or studies to their audience by publishing their work in scholarly journals and books. Moreover, students of science and other disciplines that are not from the area of expertise and that are unfamiliar with the given topic must be able to trust in the credibility of articles published in journals and books. A common process that controls the high quality of scientific publication is called ‘peer review’, which ensures that the published work has met the specific standards of a given discipline, a process that usually begins†¦show more content†¦A survey conducted by Ware showed that a majority of authors (91%) believed that peer review led to significant improvements in their last published paper [13]. More than half of them agreed that the peer review effectively identified weaknesses and flaws in their manuscript (i.e. scientific errors, language and poor reference) [13]. Peer-reviewed journal articles are credible be cause experts deem the information therein to be error free and unlikely to be wrong. For example, in July 2012, a team of scientists from European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) announced a discovery of a particle matching the property of Higgs boson predicted by the standard model of physics [14*]. Initially, CERN was unsure whether the newly discovered particle is actually the Higgs boson, probably because the model physics only has one undiscovered particle remaining [15]. After CERN’s announcement, two papers describing their finding were submitted to a journal Physics Letters B. In September 2012, both papers passed peer review and are accepted as being actual science. Condliffe said in his article that now the researchers are confident in their findings and it would be a rare chance for this new discovery to be wrong [16]. This example shows that peer review reduces the uncertainty involved in scientific work. Although all the science contains uncertainty and how to communicate such uncertainty is always the biggest problem for scientists [19], peer

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Decameron Was A Collection Of Bawdy And Serious Tales...

Professor Mark Bocija, History 1111 Rezvan Ngalla November 16, 2015 The Decameron- Black Death. The Decameron was a collection of bawdy and serious tales written by Boccaccio. Boccaccio was most likely born in Florence or Certaldo and was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Bocacino di Chellino. As a youth he was trained to follow in his father s business but he eventually chose instead to study canon law and subsequently pursued the arts. It is a combination of Greek words for ten and day. According to Frankforter, the Decameron is a fictive record of a hundred stories that ten Florentine men and women told to entertain themselves while they hid from the plague in the comfort of a luxurious house (Frankforter, pg. 348). The one hundred allegorical stories are shared through the narrative voices of these young people as they spend their nights regaling the company with tales from the erotic, sensual, and bawdy to the intellectual, philosophical or tragic. The narrative s fundamental theme is of struggle between life and death in the face of the Black Plague and the various ways life continues in spite of traditional moral attitudes and beliefs. While primarily a work of fiction, the Introduction to The Decameron has emerged as an important historical record of the physical, psychological, and social effects of the aggressive spread of the previously unknown Yersina pestis bacteria. It provides a significant philosophical insight into the medieval psycheShow MoreRelatedThe Decameron Was A Collection Of Bawdy And Serious Tales Written By Boccaccio1006 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Decameron- Black Death. The Decameron was a collection of bawdy and serious tales written by Boccaccio. Boccaccio was most likely born in Florence or Certaldo and was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Bocacino di Chellino. As a youth he was trained to follow in his father s business but he eventually chose instead to study canon law and subsequently pursued the arts. It is a combination of Greek words for ten and day. According to Frankforter, the Decameron is a fictive

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports - 1078 Words

Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one of the sports in which doping is most endemic to its subculture, however a number of professional sports have been embroiled in drug scandals. Because of the many revelations about the number of baseball players who used steroids to get their record-breaking statistics, the 1990s are often called the steroid era of baseball. The Olympic track and field star Marian Jones was stripped of her medals, after finally admitting to the use of performance-enhancing drugs (Lardon 2008). Despite the health risks, and despite the regulating bodies attempts to eliminate d rugs from sport, the use of illegal substances is widely known to be rife. It hardly raises an eyebrow now when some famous athlete fails a dope test (Savulescu, Foddy, Clayton 2004). The benefits of using some types of performance-enhancing drugs are obvious. Professional athletes have a very short shelf life as competitors in most sports and must cash in on their talents as soon as possible. For Olympic athletes, theShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1686 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because anRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edgeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or traine rs can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a changeRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 PagesResearch, period 3 December 15, 2013 Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Today Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, have long been in the lifestyle of athletes. Many famous athletes like Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong have all confessed to the use of steroids. Celebrities like actor Charlie Sheen and ex Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, have also admitted to using steroids in the past. Performance enhancing drugs are a dangerous form of medicine

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Bromobutane free essay sample

Majority of the time, to prepare alkyl halides is via the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols. SN2 reaction is the type of reaction used in this lab experiment. Our objective was to see how a primary alkyl halide reacted with an alcohol. We did a conversion of n-butanol to 1-bromobutane. Br- ions is the nucleophile for this reaction which is generated from an aqueous solution of NaBr. The catalyst that converted the OH functional group of butanol to a better leaving group (H2O) was the Sulfuric Acid. [pic] Results. Theoretical Yield C4H9OH +  NaBr  -gt; C4H9Br + NaOH From 1-Butanol 20mL (butanol) x 0. 810g (butanol) x 1mole (butanol) x 1mole(bromobutane) x 137. 03g(bromobutane) = 29. 95 g of 1bromobutane 1. 00 mL(butanol) 74. 12g(butanol) 1mole(butanol)1mole (bromobutane) From NaBr 27g (NaBr) x 1mole (NaBr) x 1mole (bromobutane) x 137. 03g(bromobutane) = 35. 95 g of 1bromobutane 102. 91g (NaBr) 1 mole (NaBr) 1mole (bromobutane) % Yield = 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Bromobutane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 74g / 29. 95 g = 15. 8% Volume ( 3. 8mL Mass ( 4. 74g 4. 74 / 3. 8 = 1. 246 g/mL After proceed with our four major operations that were refluxing, simple distillation, separation and drying, we could do our corresponding calculations. Refluxing was used to keep a reaction at a constant temperature. Simple distillation was used to help remove and purify a particular substance in that case was 1-bromobutane, from other components in the reaction flask. Separation was carried out because there was a high probability of other components in the distillate. And finally we used CaCl2 as a very good drying agent for a variety of solvents. So for instance, -butanol is the limiting reagent, theoretically 29. 95g of 1-bromobutane. Our percent yield was 15. 8% as showed in the calculations. Our volume was 1. 247 g/mL. And as finally our boliling point was 99C. Questions. †¢ Show the mechanism for the reaction perfomed in the laboratory [pic] †¢ The last step of the mechanism is an example of SN2 reaction. Why is it an SN2 reaction? Because the acid in the reaction protonated the alcoholic oxygen and the positive charge draws electrons away fro the C allowing the negative Bromide Ion to displace (SN2) the protonated oxygen as H2O. So for instance the reaction rate does depend on both the bromide ion and alcoholonium ion the reaction will be second order. †¢ Show by a mechanism how some 2-bromobutane could form as a by-product form this reaction The protonated alcohol can undergo elimination to form 1-butene which can then react with HBR to add by Markownikoff’s rule to the double bond to form 2-bromobutane [pic] †¢ Answer the question in footnote 3 below. The primary purpose of the sulfuric acid wash is to remove any unreacted 1-butanol. The acid protonates the OH group of the alcohol, converting it into its conjugate acid and increasing its solubility in the aqueous acid wash solution significantly. Why ? Butanol is protonated so then for sure it is more soluble in H2O and also is ionic. †¢ T-butyl bromide (2-bromo-2-methylpropane) can be prepared by simply taking t-butyl alcohol and shaking it with an aq solution HBr at room temperature. The reaction is much faster than with n-butyl alcohol and is essentially 100% complete within a few minutes. Give a mechanism for this reaction. What is this type of reaction called. (CH3)C-OH + HBr ===gt; (CH3)3C-OH2(+) + Br- CH3)3C-OH2(+) ===gt; (CH3)3C(+) + H2O (CH3)3C(+) + Br- ===gt; (CH3)3C-Br It is called the SN1 reaction. The great stability of the (CH3)C(+) ion accelerates the reaction. †¢ Remembering that SN2 reactions go with 100% inversion of configuration, while SN1 reactions lead to racemization, explain why the reaction of  ®-2butanol as in this experiment gives a mixture of about 75% (S)-2-bromobutane and about 25%  ®-2-bromobutane Ionizaton of optically pure alkyl halide/alcohols molecule leads to the planar, achiral or symmetrical carbocation with an empty p-orbital perpendicular to the plane. Addition of the nucleophile can take place at both sides of the carbocation with equal ease owing to the symmetry of carbocation, resulting in mixture, equal amounts of R and S. But in actual practice, depending on the nature of substrate, solvent and leaving group, there may be a preferred side for its attack by nucleophile, in resulting of a product that automatically will contain different amounts of the two enantiomers, for then to yield optically active product.